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LPG Intended for use as a fuel, but also used as a raw material for organic synthesis In greater detail → Propylene/Propane-propylene fraction Used for production of propylene oxide, obtaining isopropyl alcohol and acetone, for synthesizing aldehydes, for obtaining acrylic acid and acrylonitrile, polypropylene, plastics, rubbers, wetting agents, components of motor fuels and solvents. Individual gases (isobutane, normal butane) Used in the refrigeration industry as a refrigerant, especially for home refrigerators. Does not damage the ozone layer. Use of isobutane as a refrigerant allows reduction of energy consumption. In refrigerators operating on hot refrigerants, which include isobutane, additional safety requirements arise—they must be designed in such a way that in the event of an unplanned leakage of the refrigerant from the system in the vicinity of electrical installations capable of initiating flames an explosive concentration cannot develop. Used as a raw material in the alkylation process and in the manufacture of methyl-tert-butyl ether in petroleum refining. Thanks to a high octane number (100), isobutane is used as a component of fuel for internal combustion engines. Isobutane is also often used as an additive in aerosol canisters. Liquid natural gas liquids (LNG) LNG is used as a raw material by petroleum chemical enterprises first for obtaining a method for fractionating individual hydrocarbons (propane, butane, pentane) and for obtaining a wide range of products for further processing of individual hydrocarbons: rubber, plastic, ethanol, solvents, and components of high-octane gasolines. The propane-butane mixture extractable from LNG can be used as a gasoline engine fuel, as an alternative to the customary gasoline and diesel fuel.

Sulfur and acid The biggest consumer of sulfuric acid is the manufacture of mineral fertilizers In greater detail →

Alcohols Alcohols find numerous and varied uses, encompassing the very broad range of compounds in this class In greater detail →

Monomers Monomers, among other things, are used for producing polymers In greater detail →

Amines These are used in the chemical industry, in metallurgy, in the production of resins, plastics, and pigments In greater detail →

Polymers These are used in machine construction, agriculture, medicine, automotive and naval construction, in aviation construction, and at home In greater detail → Polystyrene Polystyrenes are used for a very wide range of products, which are primarily used in the domestic realm of human activity (disposable tableware, packing material, children’s toys, etc.), as well as in the construction industry (heat insulation slabs, non-removable sheathing, sandwich panels), facing and decorative materials (ceiling baguettes, ceiling tiles, polystyrene sound-absorbing units, glue bases, polymer concentrates), medical applications (parts of blood transfusion systems, Petri dishes, supplemental disposable instruments). Foaming polystyrene, after high-temperature treatment with water or steam, can be used as a filtering material (filter attachment) in columnar filters in water treatment and wastewater purification. The high electro-technical indicators of polystyrene in the super-high frequency ranges allow it to be used in manufacturing: dielectric antennas and supports for coaxial cables. Thin films can be obtained (down to 100 μm), and in a mixture with copolymers (styrene-butadiene-styrene) down to 20 µm, which is also successfully used in the packing and confectionery industries, as well as in the manufacture of condensers. Shock-resistant polystyrenes and its modifications have found broad application in the area of household technology and electronics (casing elements for household devices). Polyethylene This is used in various areas. Polyethylene film, packaging, polymer pipes for sewage and drainage lines, water and gas supply. Electrical insulating material. Polyethylene powder is used as a hot glue. Armor (armored panels in bullet-proof vests). Equipment casings etc. Foam polyethylene is used as a heat insulator. Best known are the following brands: MultiFleks, Izokom, Porileks, Alenteks. Low-pressure polyethylene, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), is used in the construction of sewage treatment facilities, collecting liquid and solid substances that could contaminate soil and groundwater. HDPE is widely used in upgrading the grounds around homes and children’s playgrounds. Polypropylene Material for manufacturing films (especially packaging films), bags, containers, pipes, parts for technical devices, plastic cups, objects for household use, nonwoven materials, electrical insulation material, and in construction for vibration-proofing and sound-proofing between-floor coverings in “floating floor” systems. When propylene is copolymerized with ethylene, non-crystallizing copolymers, which display the properties of rubber, distinguishing themselves by increased chemical resistance and resistance to aging. Foam polypropylene is also widely used for vibrational and thermal insulation. Similar in characteristics to foam polyethylene. Decorative extruded profiles from foam polypropylene are also found, replacing foam polystyrene. Atactic polypropylene is used for preparing structural adhesives, putties, sealing mastics, road paving materials, and adhesive tapes. Rubber The most widespread use of raw rubbers is in the manufacture of production rubber for automotive, aviation, and bicycle tires. Raw rubbers are used to produce special rubbers with a huge variety of densities for purposes of heat, sound, air, and water insulation of various elements of buildings, in sewage and ventilation equipment, and in hydraulic, pneumatic, and vacuum equipment. Raw rubbers are used as electrical insulation, manufacturing medical devices, and contraceptive devices. Synthetic rubbers are used in rocket technology as a polymer base for producing solid rocket fuel, in which they play the role of a combustible, and a nitrate powder (either potassium or ammonium) or ammonium perchlorate is used as a filler, which plays the role of oxidizer in the fuel.

Aromatics A wide range of applications for aromatic compounds In greater detail →

Resin This is used in manufacturing technical carbon, petroleum polymer resins, and concrete superplasticizers In greater detail →

Coke This is used in the chemical and ferroalloy fields of industry (special types of coke) In greater detail →